Camelpox (CMLV)
Overview
- Caused by Orthopoxvirus cameli virus of poxviridae family. Virus is related to small pox (variola virus). Highly contagius, lesions at mouth, lips, skin, lynph nodes, and all hairless areas, these vesicles later rupture nd form thick brown scabbs. Mainly affects younger ones of less than 2 years of age. Animal develops fever, inappetence and anorexia. Also lacrimation, bilateral corneal opacity and swollen mandibular L.Ns.
Clinical signs
- Clinical presentation ranges from mild, localized skin disease (vesicle, papule, rash), to moderate and, less often, generalized skin rash with accompanying involvement of the mucosal lining of the respiratory and/or upper gastrointestinal systems. Transmission occurs by contact and the respiratory route, although arthropod vectors, such as ticks, may also be involved.
Diagnosis and differentials
Camel pox, Orf/Cont. ecthyma, pappiloma virus, reaction to insect bites.
Treatment and control
- Vaccination: Live attenuated vacc can provide protection for upto 6 years while INACCTIVATED for 1 year. The existing vaccines for camelpox are made from these CMLV strains: VD47/25, Ducapox 298/89, Jouf-78, and CMLV-T8. The Jouf-78 strain vaccine is attenuated through 80 passages in cell culture and is able to provide a complete protection against camelpox virus challenge. VD47/25, also an attenuated vaccine, is safe and protective in camel models.
- Inactivated camelpox vaccine from Jouf-78 strain has been shown to be safe, effective and immunogenic to induce humoral and cellular immune responses and to protect vaccinated dromedaries after challenge. It elicits an immune response and is recommended to subcutaneously be given at 6 months of age, then the second vaccination at 4-6 months of initial vaccination, and booster dose annually to ensure good protection. Inactivated vaccines from the CMLV strain T8 have been shown to protect young and adult camels from the infection of camelpox. Since inactivated vaccines produce levels of antibodies, adjuvants are needed to enhance their immune response.
- Strains used ; CMLV strains: Jouf-78, VD47/25, and CMLV-T8 .Attenuated vaccines provide long-term protection and a booster is recommended before 6-9 months. Therefore, the isolated camelpox virus strains can be used as a future vaccine strain to control camelpox infection.
- Dried scabs shed in environment nd contain live virus for 4 months that affect contaminate the environment cause next outbreak in the early rainy season.
- Dried scabs are sheded in the environment contain live virus that may contaminate the environment for 4 months and may cause the next outbreak in early rainy season.
- Morbidity is high in young ones and death is mostly due to secondary infections.
- Rx: Inj Oxytet 10 mg/Kg for 5 days Meloxicam 0.2 mg/Kg for 3-5 days, Spray for wound management and eye drops for opacity